Writing Persuasive Essays for Timed Prompts
MUS rubric (local copy)
MUS scoring rubric (MUS website)
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What you need to do for an "A" essay
Proofreading Checklist
Ideas and organization
☐ Somewhere in the first paragraph, I state my thesis in a simple, direct sentence.
☐ My thesis expresses an opinion rather than summarizes the story or states something that is simply factually true.
☐ The body of my essay consists of three or four reasons that prove my these or examples that support it.
☐ Every paragraph has a topic sentence which states the main idea of that paragraph. Everything in the paragraph relates to that topic sentence.
☐ The points are organized in a way that a reader can easily follow the argument.
Style
☐ Every sentence is clear and graceful.
☐ Most sentences have active verbs rather than being verbs, such as is, was, were, are, etc.
☐ My nouns are specific rather than vague or abstract. (tree is vague; willow is specific֓trouble is abstract; the death of her daughter is specific)
Conventions and Usage
☐ Every word is spelled correctly
☐ Every sentence is complete (no fragments).
☐ I have no fused sentence or comma splices. Ive changed run-on sentences with too many jumbled together ideas into simpler sentences.
☐ Possessive nouns have apostrophes. Conjunctions have apostrophes.
☐ Proper nouns are capitalized, and every sentence begins with a capital.
Printable PDF version of “Proofreading Checklist”
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From Plot to Theme Story Analysis Worksheet Worksheet filled out for The Crucible
| From Plot to Theme
Story Analysis Worksheet | |
| Plot: What happens? | Theme: What significance does it have? |
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Signficance Chain
Use a “significance chain” to think about how outward physical events are interpreted by storytellers, who give them deeper inner significance. Seeing how a character typically interprets events will let you get a glimpse of how he or she understands reality.

High quality version for printing
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Eavesdropping on a soul
What do characters desire? What are their aspirations?
What is their telos?
Telos is a Greek word that Aristotle liked. It refers to an ultimate goal: a moral vision of some future state that lends coherence to one’s desires and commitments. It is the purpose for which we exist and the end we are seeking.
A telos embraces an intended conception of happiness. According to Aristotle, humans are seeking happiness, which is a telos that we desire for its own sake and not as means to some other good, such as honor or pleasure or wealth. It is for the sake of this that we do everything else. For Aristotle, morality is closely related to wisdom. Through wisdom, we understand what character traits (virtues) we need to practice and what choices we need to make if we are to move toward happiness.
We need to develop wisdom because we want lots of things, but not all of them help us toward our telos. Socrates described three sources of motivation:
appetite: the pursuit of pleasure
spirit: the pursuit of love and achievement, the craving for friendship and belonging, the impulse to play and win (ambition)
reason: the pursuit of understanding and wisdom, the desire to discover and to learn
One key to reaching our telos is to govern our spirit and our appetite with our reason.
Learning from stories
Much of great literature--stories that have continued to interest many readers over a long period of time--have remained interesting because they are stories about the schooling of desire. They explore how characters learned to better fulfill their telos or how they failed to do so (readers have learned from both the stories of success and of failure).
The reason people find stories so helpful in figuring out how to live their lives is because people are stories. The only way to know someone is to know their story. The only way to become the person we want to be is to make choices as events unfold.
Most of us are engaged in a lifelong project to bring our own telos into sharper focus and then to make better choices so we can become the sort of person we want to be. All of us have our moral agency schooled by our circumstances, relationships, attitudes, choices, and commitments. All cultures use stories to help people teach themselves what to make of their lives and how to go about it.
Mapping a character’s moral trajectory
One way of getting to the heart of what a story is about is to focus on morally pivotal points: moments that lead characters to pursue a more fruitful direction for their lives as a whole. Characters may see the value of using their talents more constructively; they may commit to a noble purpose.
Morally pivotal points are moments or events that lead characters to reassess their goals or the paths they are following to get to their goals. They are moments when characters face decisions about the goal they are seeking or the path they are on. At each pivotal point, the character gets a new or a refined vision of their telos, which gives him or her a new direction. These are moments that signal a reconsideration or a sharpening of their goals or aspirations.
How are such morally pivotal points brought about? What factors gradually prepare a person for such a change?
Four factors are often involved. Taken together, these factors serve as a catalyst for moral growth, leading characters to cultivate virtue (character strengths) and move closer to what Aristotle called “the best possible state of soul.” When these factors are absent, characters often experience moral decline.
- relationships
- learning from pain and acquiring new pleasures
- thoughtful reflection
- courage to face the truth (about reality, oneself, and others)
How do these four factors work to bring about moral growth in the fictional character? Or how do their absence contribute to moral decline?
Following a character’s moral trajectory is using their experience as a road map: we follow the terrain they cross, the course they set, the paths they take and, most important, the destination they reach. Our goal is to learn from both their mistakes and their successes and to judge both their merits and their limitations.
Mapping Pivotal Points worksheet
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Techniques for better writing
| Transitional Expressions | |
| Logical Relationship | Transitional Expression |
| Similarity | also, in the same way, just as ... so too, likewise, similarly |
| Exception/Contrast | but, however, in spite of, on the one hand ... on the other hand, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, in contrast, on the contrary, still, yet |
| Sequence/Order | first, second, third, ... next, then, finally |
| Time | after, afterward, at last, before, currently, during, earlier, immediately, later, meanwhile, now, recently, simultaneously, subsequently, then |
| Example | for example, for instance, namely, specifically, to illustrate |
| Emphasis | even, indeed, in fact, of course, truly |
| Place/Position | above, adjacent, below, beyond, here, in front, in back, nearby, there |
| Cause and Effect | accordingly, consequently, hence, so, therefore, thus |
| Additional Support or Evidence | additionally, again, also, and, as well, besides, equally important, further, furthermore, in addition, moreover, then |
| Conclusion/Summary | finally, in a word, in brief, in conclusion, in the end, in the final analysis, on the whole, thus, to conclude, to summarize, in sum, in summary |
Transitions between Paragraphs--If you have done a good job of arranging paragraphs so that the content of one leads logically to the next, the transition will highlight a relationship that already exists by summarizing the previous paragraph and suggesting something of the content of the paragraph that follows. A transition between paragraphs can be a word or two (however, for example, similarly), a phrase, or a sentence.
Transitions within Paragraphs--As with transitions between paragraphs, transitions within paragraphs act as cues by helping readers to anticipate what is coming before they read it. Within paragraphs, transitions tend to be single words or short phrases. They “take the reader by the hand” and show how the things you are saying are logically related to each other.
Michael L. Umphrey
PDF Handout of Transitional Expressions
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Scoring a dialogue
http://www.flatheadreservation.org/index.php/student/printer/julius_caesar_essay_questions/
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fiction and nonfiction writing
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nonfiction writing
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PDF version
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Completing an oral history project
□ Set of at least 20 questions related to your interview topic.
□ Completed Release Form signed by the interview subject
□ Photographs of the interview subject taken at the time of the interview
□ Historical photographs or other documents to be scanned (provided by the subject)
□ Audio tape of the interview, properly labeled:
Name of Interview Subject
Name of Interviewer
Location and Date of Interview
□ Complete verbatim (word for word) transcript of the interview
PDF version of Oral Interview Checklist
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A Summary, an Interpretation, and a Recommendation
Oral Book Reports should be 3-5 minutes long. Reports that are shorter than 3 minutes cannot get a better grade than a “D.”
Each report should have three parts: a summary of the book, a discussion of its main theme, and a recommendation.
I. Summary: A one paragraph (5-8 sentence) summary of the book, emphasizing what is most interesting about it. Be sure to include the title of the book and the author, but don’t start with boring deadwood such as “The book I read is. . .” or “My book report is about. . .”
Don’t wind up. Just pitch, like this:
Ben Franklin once quipped that visitors, like fish, stink after three days. He’d obviously never met Amber, the barefoot 30-something at the center of Ali Smith’s novel The Accidental. Amber turns up one day at the home where the Smarts are enduring their vacation, announcing, “Sorry I’m late. I’m Amber. Car broke down.” Michael, an English professor, assumes she’s come to interview his wife, Eve, a bestselling author of “autobiotruefictinterviews.” Eve assumes that Amber is the latest in Michael’s long string of student-conquests…
Or this:
“Wish I could be thirteen again,” the father fatuously remarks in “Black Swan Green,” David Mitchell’s brilliant new coming-of-age tale. “ Then,” his son, Jason, thinks darkly, “ you’ve obviously forgotten what it’s like.” Mitchell, a Man Booker Prize nominee, clearly hasn’t forgotten a minute of the humiliation and turmoil of adolescence, and he uses it all to create a genuinely memorable hero.
The story lurches through a year of Jason’s life in 1982 England. Margaret Thatcher and the Falklands war swirl together with parental fights, graveyard initiations, a Belgian countess, and Gypsies, which Mitchell then distills into a kind of essence of boyhood. And while Jason is hardly an average teen, he’s not a freakish prodigy. (Readers will figure out his parents’ problems long before he does.) He’s a smart kid whose speech impediment makes him “shrivel up like a plastic wrapper in a fire. . .”
II. Discussion of main theme: Pick one theme and explain how it is developed in the novel. This should be 3-4 paragraphs (about 8 sentences each).
Pride and Prejudice was first titled First Impressions, and these titles embody the main theme of the novel. [Statement of thesis:] The book deals with the way prejudices and first impressions lead people to make mistaken judgments. .
[First main point:] The main character is Elizabeth Bennet. Her judgments about other characters’ dispositions are accurate about half of the time. She is correct about Mr. Collins and how absurdly self-serving he is and about Lady Catherine de Bourgh and how proud and snobbish she is, but her first impressions of Wickham and Darcy steer her incorrectly. At first she thinks Wickham is a gentleman and a good man. His good looks and his easy manner fool almost everyone, and Elizabeth believes without question all that he tells her about Darcy. Elizabeth’s first impressions of him are contradicted when she realizes that he has lied about Darcy.
[Second Main Point:] Elizabeth’s first impressions of Darcy are also wrong. She, like many other characters in the book, see him as mean-spirited. She is also prejudiced against him because of the lies Wickham has told her. Darcy sees this fault of prejudice in Elizabeth, stating that her defect is “willfully to misunderstand everybody.” Eventually, Elizabeth realizes she is foolish to trust her first impressions. She states, “how despicably have I acted I, who have prided myself on my discernment!--I, who have valued myself on my abilities”
[Transition:] The above are only a few of the major examples of first impressions, prejudice and pride in the novel, as these themes show up throughout the story. [Third Main Point:] Many other characters besides Darcy are also accused of having too much pride, such as Bingley’s sisters, Miss Darcy, Lady Catherine and others. There are also discussions about pride between Elizabeth and Darcy, and Mary discusses pride vs. vanity. Several characters are described as being proud on various occasions. For example, Mrs. Bennet is described as visiting her married daughters with pride, and Elizabeth is said to be proud of Darcy because of what he had done for Lydia. Prejudice is also quite evident in the way that both Darcy and Lady Catherine react to the status of Elizabeth and her family.
III. Recommendation: Tell your classmates whether you think they would like to invest their time in reading this book. Let them know what is good or not good about it, and what sort of reader might be attracted to it:
For anyone who loves a complicated story of love overcoming obstacles, this excellent novel will stay in your hands from the moment you pick it up until you reach the romantic conclusion. The plot and characters draw the reader into a world where a person’s acquaintances depend on social status and connections, and there are rare times when a person marries for true love, but that is the case in Pride and Prejudice.
Oral Book Report guidelines PDF
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For Book Reports
Analyzing_a_story_worksheet.pdf
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Steps to create your own website
1. Go to http://learnerblogs.org (make sure you don’t go to “learnerblog” which is a different website.
2. Click the “click here” link under the headline: “Create your learner blog” (lower left screen).
3. A screen appears with forms to input the “username” you want to use and your “email”.
For your username, use either your first name and first intitial (no spaces or hyphens) or your last name. For your email, you cannot use your school email address. This user name will become part of the url for your website. For example, entering “umphrey” would lead to a blog with this url: “http://umphrey.learnerblogs.org”
4. When you have entered this information, click “Next.”
5. A new screen appears, showing your blog domain name and asking you for your blog title. This will be the big headline that will appear at the top of your website. For most students, this is a name like “Joe’s Place” though some names have been more individual. Be sure to pick something appropriate for a school website!
6. If everything worked, the next screen will say: “your blog” is yours. If there are problems (your username is already taken or your email is incorrect) go back and make whatever changes are needed.
7. After a little while (usually just a few seconds) you’ll get an email. It contains a link you must click on to activate your blog. After you do this, you will soon get a second email giving you your password. To log on to your blog, you need the username you chose above and this password.
8. Click on the link in the second email, and it will take you to the log on screen. Before you log on, add this page to your “favorites” or your “bookmarks” so you can easily get back to this page. Then log on and start blogging!
9. Once you’re logged on, click the “my profile” link in the upper right-hand corner of the control panel on your blog. This will open a page where you can enter personal information about yourself which will be available to people who visit your blog. Be careful about entering anything too personal. Consider things carefully before entering your full name. You may not want to do this.
In any case, toward the bottom of this page you can enter a new password.
10. Feel welcome to use this blog for your own purposes. But remember that what you post on this blog will appear on the student wiki! Be appropriate.
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Due November 6
1. Don’t do a plot summary. You need to think about what the book means, how it connects to other books or to your personal life, etc.
2. Use at least two quotations from the book to illustrate whatever point you are making
Format:
Date
Dear_________,
Introduction:
Title, author, brief summary, number of pages
Body:
The writer may:
* write about an idea or character that interests you.
* write about your reading: what you are enjoying, what puzzles you, what you are learning from your book.
* write about what you noticed about the book.
* react to the content of the book.
* make connections between the authorҒs works, other texts, movies, your life, and if possible, the authors life.
* identify examples of and provide commentary about the authorҒs use of imagery, detail, diction, theme, figurative language, or sound devices.
* provide commentary on the authors purpose if possible.
* pose question(s) about the book.
Sincerely,
Your name
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